National coats of arms explained: eagles, lions and what they mean
Quick answer: A coat of arms is a country’s official emblem. Eagles (strength and sovereignty), lions (courage), shields, stars and mottos are the most common elements, and many Arab emblems use the eagle of Saladin or the falcon of Quraish.
Common symbols
What they usually mean:
- Eagle: power and independence (Egypt, Germany, Mexico, United States)
- Lion: courage and royalty (United Kingdom, Morocco, Kenya)
- Falcon: used by Gulf states such as the UAE
- Stars: unity of regions or ideals
- Crops and tools: farming and industry
Arab emblems
Egypt, Iraq, Palestine and Yemen use versions of the eagle of Saladin; the UAE and Syria use a falcon.
The eagle in the Arab world
The Eagle of Saladin appears on the coats of arms of Egypt, Iraq, Palestine and Yemen, while the Hawk of Quraish is used by Syria and the UAE has a golden falcon. These birds stand for strength and Arab unity.
Parts of a coat of arms
A full coat of arms can include several parts:
| Part | What it is |
|---|---|
| Shield | The central design |
| Crest | The figure on top of the helmet |
| Supporters | Figures holding the shield, often animals |
| Motto | A phrase on a ribbon |
| Mantling | Decorative cloth around the shield |
Heraldic colours
Heraldry uses a set of colours called tinctures, with old French names: gules for red, azure for blue, vert for green, sable for black, or for gold and argent for silver. A traditional rule says colours should not be placed directly on colours, so that designs stay visible from a distance.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a flag and a coat of arms?
A flag is used everywhere; a coat of arms is a formal emblem used on official documents, passports and buildings.
Which animal appears most on coats of arms?
The eagle, followed by the lion.
Which countries use the Eagle of Saladin?
Egypt, Iraq, Palestine and Yemen.
What is a motto on a coat of arms?
A short phrase, often on a ribbon below the shield.
What does gules mean in heraldry?
Red.